Units of Measure
A material can be stored, transported and sold in various units of measure. In the SAP R/3 System, you can therefore define various units of measure which are maintained in the sales and distribution screens. However, you only need to maintain the fields of the units of measure if they deviate from the base unit of measure. If no other fields with units of measure are maintained, the system automatically takes the base unit of measure as a basis for its calculations. You can enter the following units of measure in the sales and distribution screens:
- Base Unit of Measure
- Alternative Unit of Measure
- Sales Unit
- Delivery Unit
Base Unit of Measure
Stocks of a material are managed in the base unit of measure. All quantity movements in other units of measure are converted automatically by the system into the base unit of measure.
Alternative Unit of Measure
As soon as units of measures other than the base unit of measure are used in a material master record, the system prompts you in a dialog box to enter a calculation factor to the base unit of measure, the so-called alternative unit of measure. The alternative unit of measure does not refer to an entry field in one of the sales and distribution screens. It is either requested in a dialog box or entered on a secondary screen, which you can access by pressing F5 (Unit of measure). Several alternative units of measure can be defined.
If, for example, a product is managed in the base unit of measure "Piece" but is sold in the sales unit "Box", you must define the conversion factor. The alternative unit of measure can define, for example, that 1 box of this material contains 12 pieces.
Sales Unit
The unit of measure in which materials are sold is referred to as a sales unit (for example, piece or bottle). The value you define in the material master record is proposed during business transactions relevant for sales, such as the sales order. You can replace them with other alternative units of measure in the sales order.
Delivery Unit
The delivery unit refers to the unit in which materials can be delivered. Only exact multiples of the delivery unit can be delivered. For example, with a delivery unit of 30 bottles, 30, 60 or 90 bottles can be delivered, but not 100 bottles.
Quantity Specifications
Two different quantity specifications are used:
- Minimum Order Quantity
- Minimum Delivery Quantity
Minimum Order Quantity
The minimum order quantity refers to the minimum quantity the customer must order. A warning message appears if the minimum order quantity is not reached during order entry. The order can be entered in spite of the warning message.
Minimum Delivery Quantity
The minimum delivery quantity refers to the minimum quantity you must deliver to the customer. The minimum delivery quantity is automatically checked during delivery processing. A warning message appears during delivery processing if you enter a delivery quantity lower than the minimum delivery quantity. The delivery can be created in spite of this warning message.
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